\paperw4260 \margr0\margl0 \plain \fs20 \f1 \fs24 The bridgehead for the Ottoman conquest of the \b \cf2 \ATXht11302 Maghreb\b0 \cf0 \ATXht0 was established by the corsairs.
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These new masters and predators of the Mediterranean arrived from the Aegean Sea. The victors included the Barbarossa pirate brothers, led by Khayr ad-Din, who in 1525 conquered Algiers and in 1541 defeated the fleet sent by Charles V to free the seas
from this ôterror of the civilized nations.ö\par
The \b \cf2 \ATXht11909 sultanate\b0 \cf0 \ATXht0 of Istanbul bestowed on Barbarossa the official title of ôBeylerbey,ö emir of emirs. In this way it assured itself of a formal sovereignty, sustained by
military governors, over almost the whole of the Maghreb.\par
Imposing fortresses, new \b \cf2 \ATXht11311 mosques\b0 \cf0 \ATXht0 , and sumptuous palaces were built in an Ottoman-Moorish style, with a great profusion of gold ornaments, stuccoes, and pa
